Cows like the freedom to roam around and get water when they are thirsty and feed when they are hungry. Cows that are comfortable will have less stress, eat more, have fewer health problems, and fewer injuries. They love a comfortable bed to lie down in, which has led to the design of roomy stalls with sand bedding or other similar materials that result in excellent cow comfort/happiness. Cow comfort is paramount in a productive and profitable dairy. Cow comfort is the minimizing of stress in the animal’s environment in order to maximize productive capability and animal well-being. The environment in which dairy cows spend the majority of their time has considerable impact on productivity, health, milk quality, reproduction, animal well-being, and farm profitability. As an absolute minimum, the housing must provide a comfortable, clean, well-drained and dry lying area together with shelter from adverse weather, space to allow the animal to move, lie down and rise freely as well as access to adequate food and water.

Nutritional Requirements of Livestock. The essential nutrients required by grazing animals are water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins which are needed to maintain growth, body weight, reproduction, lactation, and health.
In a cow’s diet, protein comes from crops like soybeans and the seed of cotton plants. Fiber is important in the diet of a cow because it helps to make their stomach work to get it to stay active and digest food.

The essence of Good Farm Management is to supply sufficient farm inputs for a desired level of production of farm outputs i.e. realistic milk production targets, each day, each month or each year and determining the necessary farm requirements to achieve these targets. The major requirements for sustainable milk production are healthy, productive and fertile dairy cows and their required feed nutrients supplied in forages either grown on farm or purchased and concentrates which are usually purchased, either already formulated or as as agro-industrial by-products.

Toor Dal Chunni is been prepared during preperation of the raw toor into finished toor dall, the . It is same as Chana Chunni & includes toor dall powder, chilka, small pieces of toor dall, etc. It is good diet for cattles & used throughout the year. It can increase the fats of milk of cattle. So, its the most preferred Cattle Feed.

The compound consists primarily of the broken pieces of germ and a portion of husks obtained as by-product during the processing of pulse grains for human consumption, e.g. arhar chuni, masoor chuni, mung chuni, gram chuni, tur chuni etc. The compound is valued as a concentrate feed due to being comparatively low in fibre and more in energy and protein content as compared with roughage.
Nutritive value of chunies varies depending on the type of pulse grains from which it is originated during processing. Generally they are high in CP  (15-20%) and low in TDN value (55-65%) than that of the parent pulse grain.

Organic Maize Chunni is processed using the finest quality maize with the help of progressive methodologies under the prudent surveillance of ingenious professionals. Having high nutritional value, this product is highly applauded to be used as animal and poultry bird feed.

Color : Pale Yellow to Yellow
Moisture (%) : 14 to 15
Purity : 98%
Admixture (%) : 3 to 5
Taste : Sweet
Texture : Dried
Type : Grains

Wheat bran  is a by-product of wheat grain milling and grinding. Wheat bran is the outer hull of the wheat kernel, which is typically removed during processing. It has higher antioxidant activity than other milled fractions, and contains various components such as phytic acid,  polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals.
Nutritionally, wheat bran is a rich source of dietary fiber; it is also a good source of proteins, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants. Wheat bran can contain over 50% fiber, most of which is insoluble dietary fiber.
Moisture          : 1.5 – 2.2
Protein             : 13.6 – 15.9
Fat                    : 4.1 – 8.1
Carbohydrate  : 14.7 – 28.1
Total ash          : 4.3 – 6.1
Total fiber         : 33.3 – 52.4
Insoluble fiber : 32.1 – 48.4
Soluble fiber    : 1.2 – 4.0

Cotton seed oil cake or cottonseed meal is a by-product obtained by extracting oil from cotton seeds. Recovery of meal is about 85-86%. It is also known as Kapasia Khalli or COC. It may be sold in the form of meal, cake, flakes or pellets. Good quality oil cake is greenish, yellow in colour.
Cottonseed oilcake is the second most valuable product of cotton seed.
and is a major source of livestock feed. It has around 25% protein content and 6% oil content in general. The greater the oil% in cotton seed oil cake better is the quality.

Cattle Feed is a mixture of various concentrate feed ingredients in proportion which include grains, brans, protein meals/cakes, chunnies, agro-industrial by-products, minerals and vitamins. It is an economical source of concentrate supplements and it could be in the form of mash, pellets, crumbles, cubes, etc. It is palatable and good source of nutrients for growing, adult, dry, milk producing and pregnant animals. Regular use of cattle feed in prescribed quantity along with basal diet, can control cost of milk production and net profitability can be increased.

Mineral Mixture – Minerals are required by cattle for their metabolic functions, growth, milk production, reproduction and health. Cattle feed and fodders fed to the dairy animals do not provide all the required quantity of minerals hence, adequate amount of good quality mineral mixture must be mixed in their ration as a supplement. It may be in a form of Lick blocks or in powder form.

Benefits of Mineral Mixture :

1. Improves growth rate.
2. Improves reproduction efficiency.
3. Reduces inter-calving period.
4. Improves efficiency of feed utilisation.
5. Improves milk production
6. Improves SNF% in the milk.
7. Better immune response.
8. Better resistance against diseases.